In recent years, there has been an expansion of the number of species belonging to the genus Lactobacillus as 261 species identified at the beginning of 2020, presenting scientific and technological challenges. This led to the need for a taxonomic update, which resulted in the subdivision of the genus Lactobacillus species into 25 genera. With the new taxonomic note (Zheng et al. 2020), the genus Lactobacillus is now restricted to only 44 species identified thus far, which are all phylogenetically closer to the L. delbrueckii species than any other species of the new genera. At the family level, all 25 genera arising from the new taxonomy still belong to the phylum Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes), the class Bacilli, the order Lactobacillales, and the family Lactobacillaceae. Indeed, this update did not come as a surprise since in the previous version of this chapter, it was noted that ideas for more radical subdivision were reported.